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An overview of major nickel alloy types, their compositions, and corresponding international reference standards, categorized by application and alloy series:

​​1. Corrosion-Resistant Nickel Alloys​​

​​(1) Nickel-Copper Alloys (Monel Series)​​

• ​​Monel 400 (UNS N04400)​​
  • ​​Composition (ASTM B127/B164)​​:
    • Ni ≥ 63%, Cu 28-34%, Fe ≤ 2.5%, Mn ≤ 2.0%, C ≤ 0.3%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • ASTM B127 (plate/sheet), B164 (rod/wire), B165 (tube)
    • EN 10095 (European heat-resistant alloy standard)
• ​​Monel K-500 (UNS N05500)​​
  • ​​Composition (ASTM B865)​​:
    • Ni ≥ 63%, Cu 27-33%, Al 2.3-3.15%, Ti 0.35-0.85%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • ASTM B865 (forgings), ASTM F505 (medical devices)

​​(2) Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys (Hastelloy B Series)​​

• ​​Hastelloy B-2 (UNS N10665)​​
  • ​​Composition (ASTM B335)​​:
    • Ni ≥ 65%, Mo 26-30%, Fe 2.0-7.0%, Cr ≤ 1.0%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • ASTM B335 (rod), B622 (seamless tube), B619 (welded tube)

​​(3) Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloys (Hastelloy C Series)​​

• ​​Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276)​​
  • ​​Composition (ASTM B575)​​:
    • Ni ≥ 57%, Cr 14.5-16.5%, Mo 15-17%, W 3-4.5%, Fe 4-7%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • ASTM B575 (plate/sheet), B574 (rod), ISO 6208 (international plate standard)

​​2. High-Temperature Nickel Alloys​​

​​(1) Inconel Series​​

• ​​Inconel 600 (UNS N06600)​​
  • ​​Composition (ASTM B168)​​:
    • Ni ≥ 72%, Cr 14-17%, Fe 6-10%, C ≤ 0.15%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • ASTM B168 (plate), B166 (rod), AMS 5540 (aerospace material)
• ​​Inconel 718 (UNS N07718)​​
  • ​​Composition (AMS 5662)​​:
    • Ni 50-55%, Cr 17-21%, Fe balance, Nb 4.75-5.5%, Mo 2.8-3.3%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • AMS 5662 (aerospace forgings), ASTM B637 (high-strength components)

​​(2) Cast Superalloys​​

• ​​IN-738LC (UNS N07380)​​
  • ​​Composition (AMS 5399)​​:
    • Ni balance, Cr 15.7-16.3%, Co 8.0-9.0%, Al 3.2-3.7%, Ti 3.2-3.7%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • AMS 5399 (gas turbine blades), ISO 4957 (international heat-resistant steel standard)

​​3. Special-Function Nickel Alloys​​

​​(1) Low-Expansion Alloys​​

• ​​Invar 36 (UNS K93600)​​
  • ​​Composition (ASTM F1684)​​:
    • Ni 35-37%, Fe balance, C ≤ 0.1%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • ASTM F1684 (precision instruments), EN 10111 (European low-expansion steel)

​​(2) Shape Memory Alloys​​

• ​​Nitinol (Ni-Ti, ASTM F2063)​​
  • ​​Composition​​:
    • Ni 54.5-57.0%, Ti balance
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • ASTM F2063 (medical implants), ISO 5832-9 (orthopedic materials)

​​(3) Electrical Heating Alloys​​

• ​​Nichrome 80/20 (UNS N06003)​​
  • ​​Composition (ASTM B344)​​:
    • Ni 75-80%, Cr 19-23%, Fe ≤ 1.0%
  • ​​Standards​​:
    • ASTM B344 (resistance wire), IEC 60172 (international electrical heating standard)

​​4. International Standard Systems Comparison​​

​​5. Key Industry Standards​​

• ​​Aerospace​​:
  • ​​AMS Standards​​ (e.g., AMS 5662/5596)
  • ​​NASA-STD-6012​​ (space material specifications)
• ​​Oil & Gas​​:
  • ​​NACE MR0175/ISO 15156​​ (resistance to H₂S corrosion)
  • ​​API 6A718​​ (alloys for oil/gas wellhead equipment)

​​6. Testing & Certification Standards​​

• ​​Composition Analysis​​:
  • ASTM E1473 (ICP spectroscopy)
  • ISO 11433 (titanium content determination)
• ​​Performance Testing​​:
  • ASTM E8/E21 (tensile/high-temperature strength)
  • ISO 6892 (international tensile testing)
• ​​Certification Requirements​​:
  • ​​NADCAP​​ (aerospace heat treatment certification per AMS 2750)
  • ​​PED 2014/68/EU​​ (EU Pressure Equipment Directive)

​​Important Notes​​

1. ​​Standard Revisions​​: ASTM/ISO standards are typically updated every 5 years (e.g., ASTM B575-2023).
2. ​​Regional Variations​​: EN standards impose stricter limits on impurities (e.g., Pb, Bi).
3. ​​Application Compatibility​​: For acidic environments, prioritize NACE MR0175-certified alloys (e.g., Hastelloy C-276).